Adanced Ovarian Cancer Treatment In India in Best Hospital

Best Cancer Hospitals for Advanced Ovarian Cancer Treatment

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries. Ovaries are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs travel through the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. The ovaries are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus in the pelvis.Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries. Ovaries are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs travel through the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. The ovaries are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus in the pelvis.

The ovaries are made up of 3 main kinds of cells. Each type of cell can develop into a different type of tumor:

Epithelial tumors start from the cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary. Most ovarian tumors are epithelial cell tumors.

Germ cell tumors start from the cells that produce the eggs (ova).

Stromal tumors start from structural tissue cells that hold the ovary together and produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Most of these tumors are benign (non-cancerous) and never spread beyond the ovary. Benign tumors can be treated by removing either the ovary or the part of the ovary that contains the tumor. Malignant (cancerous) or low malignant potential ovarian tumors can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body and can be fatal.

 Types of Ovarian Cancer

Most ovarian cancers are a type called epithelial cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer means the cancer has started in the cells that cover the surface of the ovary.

There are three types of epithelial cancers of the ovary

·     The most common type is serous.

·     Less common types are endometrioid and clear cell.

·     Rare type are Mucinous and Undifferentiated or unclassifiable.

symptoms of ovarian cancer may include:

Most women will not notice any symptoms as it can take a long time for symptoms to occur. When symptoms do appear, they can be mild, vague or do not go away (persistent).

          Bloated feeling

·     Persistent swollen abdomen

·     Pain or dragging sensation in your lower abdomen or side

·     Vague indigestion or nausea

·     Poor appetite and feeling full quickly

·     Changes in your bowel or bladder habits; for example, constipation or needing to pass water urgently

·     Abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding (rare)

Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer

·     Exploratory Surgery : This surgery is performed for confirming the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

·     Ultrasound : High-frequency sound waves are produced in order to get precise images of the structures inside the body.

·     Blood Tests : CA 125 blood test is performed for those women who are suspected of having ovarian cancer or previously had ovarian cancer. This blood test helps in detecting a protein antigen that can be found at abnormally high levels in the blood serum of those women who have ovarian cancer.

·     Positron Emission Tomographic Scan (PET) : This test helps in defining those areas that altered blood supply and also helps in identifying cancer.

·     Upper G.I. and Lower G.I. Scopy : It helps in ruling out the primary cancer present in G.I. tract.

·     CT scan : This helps in generating two dimensional images of the body that may show whether the cancer has spread.

·     Mammography : Metastatic tumors can be ruled out with this test.

·     Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) : Magnetic energy is used for generating highly detailed images of the anatomy such as tumors.

Advanced Ovarian Cance Surgery in India

Three types of surgeries are involved in treating ovarian cancer such as :–

·     Laparoscopy : Gynaeoncologist perform laparotomy through a large abdominal incision, most often removing your ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, nearby lymph glands, a fold of fatty tissue called the omentum and as much of the tumor as possible.

·     Frozen Section Tissue Analysis : The rapid analysis of the tissue is done under a microscope. The nature of the tumor is determined as whether it is cancerous or non-cancerous that also helps surgeons to perform a suitable procedure during the first surgery.

·     Laparotomy : This procedure is used by making a large abdominal incision. This incision is done for removing uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes surrounding lymph glands, omentum (a fold of fatty tissue) and tumor. Cytoreductive or debulking surgery is another name for this surgery.

Chemotherapy 

After surgery, you'll most likely be treated with chemotherapy - drugs designed to kill any remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also be used as the initial treatment in some women with advanced ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered in a vein (intravenously) or injected directly into the abdominal cavity, or both methods of administering the drugs can be used. Chemotherapy drugs can be given alone or in combination. 

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. The use of radiation therapy to treat ovarian cancer has declined in recent years, but Gyneconcologist use it in certain cases, such as when patient have a recurrence of cancer at the original site or if she can't tolerate chemotherapy. Gyneconcologist may use whole abdominal radiation to treat ovarian cancer that remains or recurs in the abdomen. 

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