Bone Cancer Treatment in India at Low Cost

Bone Cancer Treatment in India - Best Cancer Hospital of India for Advanced Bone Cancer Treatment WWW.MYMEDOPINION.COM

Bone cancer is a cancer of the cells that make up the bones of the body. When cancer is found in bones, it has usually started in another organ or another location in the body and has spread to the bones. Bone cancer can develop in all types of bone tissue and also in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow (e.g., multiple myeloma, leukemia). bone cancer, where the bone cells themselves become malignant. Primary and metastatic bone cancers are often treated differently and may have a different prognosis.Cancer that originates in bone is called primary bone cancer. Most cancers that originate in bone tissue are sarcomas (i.e., cancer that originates in connective tissue).

Cancer often spreads (metastasizes) to the bones from other sites in the body (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer). When this occurs, the cancer cells resemble cells from the area they originated from, not bone cancer cells. This type of cancer is called metastatic bone cancer or secondary bone cancer. Bones are a specialized type of dense tissue (called osseous tissue) that comprises the framework of the body (the skeleton). Most bones are hollow and consist of bone cells (osteocytes) embedded in calcified tissue.

Bone tissue consists of two types of cells. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and osteoclastsare responsible for dissolving bone tissue. Bone tissue is always changing: new bone cells are constantly forming and old bone cells are constantly dissolving. Bone marrow is soft tissue inside the bones that contains blood-forming cells and other cells (e.g., fat cells, plasma cells).

Types of Bone Cancer 

There are Three Types of Bone Cancer : -

·     Osteosarcoma : Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer. Osteosarcoma occurs most commonly in teenagers and young adults (ages 10-19) and is more common in males. Osteosarcoma in young people tends to develop at the ends of long bones in areas of active bone growth, often around the knee, either at the end of the femur (thighbone) or the proximal part of the tibia (shinbone). The next most common location is in the bone of the upper arm, but it is possible for an osteosarcoma to develop in any bone. Depending on the appearance of the tumor cells under the microscope, there are several different subtypes of osteosarcoma.

·     Chondrosarcoma : Chondrosarcomas, one of the most common types of bone cancer in adults over age 50, form in cartilage -- usually around the pelvis, knee, shoulders, or upper part of the thighs.

·     Ewing's Sarcoma : Ewing's sarcoma occurs most often in the middle part of bones, arising most often in the hip, ribs, upper arm, and thighbones. Like osteosarcoma, this cancer affects primarily children and young adults between the ages of 10 and 25.

·     Pleomorphic sarcoma :Pleomorphic sarcoma is a tumor formerly referred to as malignant fibrous histiocytoma or MFH. This term is still used frequently. Pleomorphic sarcomas are typically tumors of the soft tissues, but in up to 5% of cases they may arise in the bone. Pleomorphic sarcomas typically occur in adults and can be found anywhere in the body.

Stages of Bone Cancer

·     Stage I - At this stage, bone cancer is limited to the bone and hasn't spread to other areas of the body. After biopsy testing, cancer at this stage is considered low grade and not aggressive.

·     Stage II - This stage of bone cancer is limited to the bone and hasn't spread to other areas of the body. But biopsy testing reveals the bone cancer is high grade and considered aggressive.

·     Stage III - At this stage, bone cancer occurs in two or more places on the same bone. Biopsy testing shows this bone cancer is high grade and considered aggressive.

·     Stage IV - This stage of bone cancer indicates that cancer has spread beyond the bone to other areas of the body, such as the brain, liver or lungs.

Diagnosis of Bone Cancer

·     OPD Consultations

·     X-ray

·     Computerized tomography (CT)

·     Bone scan

·     Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

·     Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

·     Biopsy - A sample of tissue (Biopsy) from the tumor is removed for laboratory testing. Testing is done to know whether the tissue is cancerous and, if so, what is the type of cancer. Testing may also reveal the cancer's grade, which helps oncologists to understand how aggressive the cancer is.

Types of Biopsy Procedures used to Diagnose Bone Cancer Include 

·     Inserting a needle through skin and into a tumor. During a needle biopsy, surgical oncologist inserts a thin needle through the skin and guides it into the tumor. The needle is used to remove small pieces of tissue from the tumor.

·     Surgery to remove a tissue sample for testing. During a surgical biopsy, surgical oncologist makes an incision through the skin and removes either the entire tumor (excisional biopsy) or a portion of the tumor (incision biopsy).

Determining the type of biopsy patients need and the particulars of how it should be performed requires careful planning by the oncology team. Surgical Oncologists perform the biopsy in a way that will not interfere with future surgery to remove bone cancer.

Bone Cancer Treatment in India: Best Cancer Hospital in India 

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There are three standard forms of treatment for primary bone cancer: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Many times, more than one treatment method is required, such as surgery along with radiation therapy. Treatment varies based on type of bone cancer, if it has spread (metastasized), and other general health factors.

·     Surgery: Bone cancer is most commonly treated with surgery. Surgical treatment for bone cancer that has not spread involves removing the cancerous tissue and a small margin of healthy bone tissue surrounding it. Some tumors may require chemotherapy or radiation therapy in addition to surgical treatment.

·     Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses specific type’s high energy beams of radiation to shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells. Radiation therapy works by damaging a cancer cell's DNA, making it unable to multiply. Although radiation therapy can damage nearby healthy cells, cancer cells are highly sensitive to radiation and typically die when treated. Healthy cells that are damaged during radiation are resilient and are often able to fully recover.

·     Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is an important part of the treatment for most osteosarcomas, spindle cell sarcomas and Ewing's sarcomas. Chemotherapy is usually given before you have surgery or radiotherapy. When given before surgery, it can shrink the tumour and make it easier to remove. It can also reduce symptoms such as pain and reduce the chances of the cancer spreading. If you have an osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma, you will also have chemotherapy after surgery or radiotherapy. This is to destroy any remaining cancer cells that may have spread to other parts of the body. 

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